When navigating the world of breastfeeding support, you may encounter various professionals, including lactation consultants and nurses. Often, terms like IBCLC, CLC, and lactation counselor are used interchangeably, leading to confusion. Let’s explore what sets these roles apart: training, credentials, and unique expertise each can offer.

Understanding Lactation Consultants: IBCLC vs. CLC

One of the primary distinctions in lactation support is between two standard certifications: International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) and Certified Lactation Counselor (CLC). While both offer valuable breastfeeding support, the depth of their training and certification requirements differ.

Certified Lactation Counselor (CLC)

A CLC is certified through the Academy of Lactation Policy and Practice after completing 52 hours of specialized lactation training and passing a certification exam. CLCs may come from various backgrounds: dietitians, doulas, nurses, childbirth educators, or even community advocates passionate about supporting breastfeeding. To maintain their certification, CLCs must renew every three years, including completing 18 hours of continuing education units (CEUs).

International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC)

An IBCLC holds a higher level of certification and requires more extensive training than a CLC. IBCLCs must complete 90 hours of breastfeeding education and between 300 and 1,000 hours of clinical practice. Many IBCLCs start as CLCs to meet part of the educational requirements, but IBCLCs must meet additional clinical and educational criteria. Recertification for IBCLCs is required every five years, with up to 75 Continuing Education Recognition Points (CERPs) based on a self-assessment and documented clinical hours.

Additional Lactation Certifications and Their Requirements

While CLC and IBCLC are the most widely recognized credentials, there are others. For example, lactation counselors certified through Childbirth International (CBI) complete 130 hours of education, 30 hours of practical support, and a certification exam. There are certifications like Certified Breastfeeding Counselor (CBC) and Certified Breastfeeding Specialist (BFC), though these are less commonly seen in clinical settings.

Key Differences Between a Lactation Consultant and a Nurse

It’s essential to understand that while some lactation consultants may also be nurses, not all are. Nurses provide a broad range of healthcare services and may receive primary breastfeeding education during their training, but lactation consultants specialize specifically in breastfeeding and lactation.

An IBCLC has a more intensive, breastfeeding-focused training process than a nurse typically receives. Some hospitals may employ IBCLCs who are registered nurses (RNs), giving them an expanded scope within a healthcare setting, but nursing licensure does not equate to lactation expertise. Nurses pursuing CLC or IBCLC certifications expand their capabilities in breastfeeding support, providing healthcare, and lactation knowledge.

What Lactation Consultants and Nurses Can Do

CLCs and IBCLCs are trained to provide breastfeeding education, support, and counseling. Their scope includes:

Assessment and Evaluation

CLCs and IBCLCs assess the breastfeeding dyad (mother and baby) to identify common issues such as latching difficulties, breastfeeding position, and milk supply concerns.

Education and Counseling

They educate parents on techniques to improve breastfeeding success, provide counseling, and empower mothers through evidence-based guidance.

Hands-on Support

While CLCs and IBCLCs may have similar responsibilities, their level of hands-on experience may vary based on individual training. Parents should inquire about a professional’s background and experience.

Unlike nurses, lactation consultants cannot prescribe medication, give medical diagnoses, or perform surgical procedures. IBCLCs and CLCs are breastfeeding specialists and do not replace the role of a nurse or doctor in medical settings.

Choosing the Right Support: CLC or IBCLC?

Your choice between a CLC and an IBCLC may depend on your specific needs and the availability of professionals in your area. Many CLCs work in community settings, private practice, or support groups like La Leche League. They may also provide home visits, making them accessible to families seeking in-home support.

On the other hand, IBCLCs are often employed by hospitals, clinics, or health centers and may provide a more intensive level of care. When choosing a lactation consultant, consider their experience and whether they specialize in areas that meet your unique breastfeeding challenges.

Insurance Coverage for Lactation Services

Insurance coverage for lactation services varies widely. Although insurance might cover lactation services, reimbursement typically occurs only when these services are offered by a licensed healthcare professional, like a Nurse Practitioner or Doctor. In most cases, CLCs and IBCLCs can only directly bill insurance if they work under a licensed provider. However, some may offer superbills for clients to submit to insurance or provide payment plan options for those paying out of pocket. Tricare may cover some services IBCLCs or CLCs provide if they meet specific certification requirements.

How Lactation Consultants Handle Complex Breastfeeding Challenges

Both IBCLCs and CLCs are equipped to handle a range of breastfeeding challenges, including:

Latch and Positioning Issues

Guidance on effective latching techniques and comfortable positioning.

Milk Supply Concerns

Support boosting milk supply and managing conditions like engorgement.

Breastfeeding Tools and Techniques

This section includes instructions on using tools like nipple shields, breast pumps, and Supplemental Nursing Systems (SNS).

However, lactation consultants must refer clients to healthcare providers for medical issues beyond their scope, such as treating infections or tongue-tie correction. Only a doctor or dentist can perform procedures, prescribe medication, or give a medical diagnosis.

How Nurses and Lactation Consultants Work Together

While nurses provide essential medical care, lactation consultants specialize in breastfeeding support. The pathway to becoming an IBCLC is more rigorous and breastfeeding-focused than general nursing education. IBCLCs and CLCs share a common goal: supporting, educating, and advocating for breastfeeding parents.